What is TCP/IP & UDP?
IP, TCP, and UDP are all network communications protocols.
A protocol is nothing more than a system of procedures or regulations to perform a task. In this case it is all the applications that tell the computer system how to perform a specific function or task. In this particular case, it deals with a means of communication on a network.
IP (Internet Protocol) - is the networking protocol that uses logical addresses to uniquely define hosts and direct data from one host to another. IP is commonly paired with TCP to make up what is known as the TCP/IP Suite or internet protocol suite.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - This protocol tells the system how to establish and maintain a connection between systems and their application for data transfer. TCP uses sockets and ports ranging from 0 - 65,534. It has well known ports 1-1023 and ephemeral ports 1024 - 65,534.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - This protocol tells the system how to communicate between two computers using short messages. UDP uses sockets and ports ranging from 0 to 65,534.
Port
| TCP | UDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| FTP | 20,21 | DNS | 53 |
| SSH | 22 | BooTPS/DHCP | 67 |
| Telnet | 23 | TFTP | 69 |
| SMTP | 25 | SNMP | 161 |
| DNS | 53 | ||
| HTTP | 80 | ||
| POP3 | 110 | ||
| NTP | 123 | ||
| IMAP4 | 143 | ||
| HTTPS | 443 |
Socket
A Socket is one half of the protocol for UDP and TCP. It is the Operating systems abstraction of the TCP connection or UDP message.